[3][4] It is often called ryegrass, but this term is sometimes used to refer to grasses in other genera. Modern winnowing techniques now separate the seed from rye seed, but in earlier times contaminated rye flour was a health hazard. Also grown in subtropical areas of Australia, S America and S Africa; in the tropics, ryegrass is grown to a limited extent at high altitudes, e.g. It is often used as a forage grass in winter pasture plantings and seeded in Bermudagrass pastures. Annual and Italian ryegrass These two ryegrass species are described together because they are used in similar situations, for their fast establishment and high winter - early spr… Italian ryegrass (biennial type) 1. Sowing/planting rates as single species Pasture: 25-30 kg/ha (diploid cultivars); 20-40 (4n) Lawn: 1-2 kg/100 sqm Parks, rehabilitation or revegetation single species: 75 kg to 100 kg per hectare. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. perennial ryegrass; International Common Names. Sow into bared ground if direct drilling. The leaves are shiny, especially on the back of the blade. Lolium perenne var. Annual ryegrass is used mainly for pastures. Stems are 12 to 40 inches tall and pale green to yellowish. Italian ryegrass and a related species, perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne, are the two most common weedy ryegrasses in California. Often sown in mixtures with white clover. in Colombia or Kenya, ryegrass is grown above 2400-2500 m alt. It's easy to be fooled, so let's distinguish between the three types. Ryegrasses are naturally diploid, with 2n=14, and are closely related to the fescues (Festuca).[5][6][7][8]. Scientific name — Secale Cereale, cereal ryegrass is noted for its late fall to early spring nutrient scavenging and grazing potential, and is taller and quicker-growing than wheat. There's more than one kind of ryegrass; in fact, three different types of grasses contain \"rye\" in their names. [15], World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, "Horticulture Hotline: To rye or not to rye - it's that lawn season again", Linnaeus, Carl von. Other Common Name: Annual Rye-grass: Status: Native to the Mediterranean. Lolium is native to Europe, Asia and northern Africa, as well as being cultivated and naturalized in Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands. The inflorescence (flowering stems) are flat and up to 300mm in length. Naturalised in all Australian States. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Plant Characteristics. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is regarded as a serious threat to one or more natural vegetation formations i… Name: Ryegrass - Annual (Lolium rigidum) Description: Annual self-regenerating aggressive winter-spring growing ryegrass. Grasses: Hybrid ryegrass. Suitable for oversowing into an established stand. The common name of this plant in Spanish is raigrás italiano. A number of species are grown as forage and lawn grasses in temperate Eurasia and Africa, and both perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and annual ryegrass (L. multiflorum) are important constituents of … 1753. It is native to Europe, Asia and northern Africa, but is widely cultivated and naturalised around the world. It often becomes naturalised in agricultural areas, along roadsides and near habitation, but also invades a wide variety of natural habitats. Like many cool-sea… Suited to drier margin of ryegrass zone. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for subspecies profiles. This species is grown as a pasture grass and is also deliberately planted in recreation areas in the temperate regions of Australia. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Key Features. ... Scientific Name Lolium multiflorum. Plant Characteristics. Sowing Rate: 25-30 kg/ha Blend Rate: 5-15 kg/ha. Lolium perenne L. Preferred Common Name. Lolium perenne var. Ryegrass should not be confused with rye, which is a grain crop. Lolium contains some species which are important grasses for lawns, and as pasture and for grazing and hay for livestock, being a highly nutritious stock feed. The plants are unrelated to cereal rye (Secale cereale). Glyphosate-resistant Lolium has been reported from Mississippi in 2006. Annual ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is regarded as an environmental weed in New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia. Typical yields of annual ryegrass are 2 to 6 tons/ac. The scientific name of Perennial Ryegrass is the botanical name or formal name. Lolium multiflorum Lam. The primary species found worldwide and used both for lawns and as a forage crop is perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Lolium perenne, common name perennial ryegrass, English ryegrass, winter ryegrass, or ray grass, is a grass from the family Poaceae. The culm is pale green, terete, glabrous, and unbranched. Lolium italicum A. Braun; International Common Names. Annual ryegrass is hairless and has bright green, narrow leaves. Ryegrass varies from the most persistent (perennial ryegrass) to the least persistent (annual ryegrass) and can be broadly categorised by how long they live or persist. Annual ryegrass can be grazed when plants reach an approximate height of 6-8 inches. For Wimmera ryegrass, the scientific name is Lolium rigidum … Italian Rye Grass Lolium multiflorum Grass family (Poaceae) Description: This grass is usually an annual, although sometimes it is a biennial or short-lived perennial. Ryegrass Scientific Name. Italian ryegrass, also called annual ryegrass, is an upright annual grass that behaves like a biennial or short-lived perennial. NOTE: Italian ryegrass (annual type) Cultivars of annual type Italian ryegrass are listed separately in the annualryegrass fact sheet NOTE: Hybrid ryegrass (long-lived type) Classed technically as hybrid ryegras… Ryegrass is ideally sown in late summer or spring. Phantom Annual Ryegrass. Sow at 20-25kg/ha alone or 5-15kg/ha as part of a mix. The common name of this plant in Spanish is Lolium perenne. Italicum . Native Introduced Native and Introduced. Lolium multiflorum . It is a purplish black, banana-shaped, 0.25- to 0.75-inchlong body replacing a grain in the seed head. There is a large range of cultivars. Scientific Name Lolium perenne ssp. A number of species are grown as forage and lawn grasses in temperate Eurasia and Africa, and both perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and annual ryegrass (L. multiflorum) are important constituents of pasture and lawn-seed mixtures used around the world. Common Name: Annual Ryegrass Scientific Name: Lolium multiflorum Family: Poaceae Cool-Season Grass. Species Plantarum 1: 83, https://grdc.com.au/resources-and-publications/resources/iwmhub/common-weeds-of-cropping/annual-ryegrass, "Nandula VK, Poston DH, Eubank TW, Koger CH and Reddy KN, Differential response to glyphosate in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) populations from Mississippi. Diploid ryegrass has a relatively small seed compared to tetraploid ryegrass and may be sown at a lighter rate. Leaves are long and narrow, without hairs, are ribbed on the upper surface and have a shiny lower surface. Lolium perenne ssp. It is the principal grazing grass in New Zealand where some 10 million kilograms of certified seed are produced every year. The base (below ground) is often reddish purple in colour and seedlings exude a clear sap when crushed.Mature plants are erect and up to 900 millimetres (mm) in height. It is found throughout California to about 3300 feet (1000 m), except in deserts and the Great Basin and inhabits agricultural land and other disturbed places. Both names essentially mean the same thing, and there really isn’t that much more to say about the name. Annual - Less than one year Italian - 1-2 years Short rotation - 2-5 years Perennial- 5 years 1. The Plants Database includes the following 2 subspecies of Lolium perenne . Ryegrasses are also used in soil erosion control programs. The plants have extensive root systems and are useful for erosion control. [10][11], Some species, particularly L. temulentum, are weeds which can have a severe impact on the production of wheat and other crops. Scientific Name: Perennial Lolium Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Plantae; Phylum: Spermatophyta Subphylum: Angiosperms Class: Monocotyledonae How to Plant Ryegrass. The scientific name of Italian Ryegrass is the botanical name or formal name. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/plant/ryegrass, The Spruce - Annual Ryegrass Plant Information, United States Department of Agriculture - Ryegrass, rye grass - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [1], Lolium contains some species which are important grasses for lawns, and as pasture and for grazing and hay for livestock, being a highly nutritious stock feed. Italian ryegrass; Other Scientific Names. Duration: Annual Stem Texture: Hairless/Smooth Growth Habit: Bunch grass, Grasses Season: Cool Distribution: 01 - Pineywoods, 02 - Gulf Prairies and Marshes, 03 - Post Oak Savannah, 04 - Blackland Prairies, 05 - Cross Timbers and Prairies, 07 - Edwards Plateau, 08 - Rolling Plains, 09 - High Plains, 10 - Trans-Pecos English: annual ryegrass; westerwold ryegrass; Spanish: ballico de Italia; … Tetraploid annual type; Annual Ryegrass and Perennial ryegrass are very important for forage production or livestock production. They are characterized by bunch-like growth habits. Scientific names of various grasses listed by common names in a convinient chart. It grows vigorously in winter and early spring. aristatum . Scientific name is the name conforming to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). The tufted plants reach about 0.3 to 1 metre (1 to 3.3 feet) tall and have tough dark green leaves. Subordinate Taxa. Ryegrass, (genus Lolium), genus of about 10 species of grass in the family Poaceae. Lolium is a genus of tufted grasses in the bluegrass subfamily of the grass family. Perennial ryegrass is related to the turf grass known as annual ryegrass, but these two plants differ, too. multiflorum. Omissions? multiflorum ← → Other Common Names: annual ryegrass. There is a large range of cultivars. The ergot of ryegrass (Lolium spp.) As the name suggests, annual ryegrass is a short-lived grass used to provide quick color, short-term erosion control or temporary stability for a single season. Plant Description: Annual grass, up to 90 cm tall and forming tussocky clumps. Weed Tech 21: 477–482 (2006).doi 10.1614/WT-06-168.1", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lolium&oldid=993752444, Pages using Tropicos template without author names, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 12 December 2020, at 08:26. The scientific name for annual or Italian ryegrass is Lolium multiflorum Lamarck (Munz, 1973). Lolium multiflorum is the scientific name for annual ryegrass while Lolium perenne is the scientific name for the perennial ryegrass. is a fungal body or sclerotium often found in many cereal grasses. Spikel… Habit. (1779) Preferred Common Name. Developed to combine strengths of perennialand Italian ryegrasses, particularly increased cool season growth and increased nutritive value (eg water soluble carbohydrate). Scientific Name and Common Name; Kingdom: Plantae – Plants Subkingdom: Tracheobionta – Vascular plants Superdivision: Spermatophyta – Seed plants Division: Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants Class Note that this species can be a weed in winter crops. Preferred Scientific Name. Like many cool-season grasses of the Poaceae, it harbors a symbiotic fungal endophyte, either Epichloë or its close relative Neotyphodium, both of which are members of the fungal family Clavicipitaceae. Lower stems and nodes are often purplish or reddish. multiflorum . Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Annual ryegrass (L. rigidum) is one of the most serious and costly weeds of cropping systems in southern Australia, and herbicide resistance is a frequent problem. Phantom is an annual tetraploid ryegrass selected for maximum dry matter production during winter and spring. The different kinds have different uses. Very strong cool season growth and nutritive value Hybrid ryegrass (short-lived type) 1. [13][14] Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Ryegrass, (genus Lolium), genus of about 10 species of grass in the family Poaceae. Festuca perennis is the legitimate scientific name for annual ryegrass. The plant is often infected with a poisonous fungus (Neotyphodium species) that can be dangerous to grazing animals. The primary species found worldwide and used for both lawns and as a forage crop is perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne). Annual ryegrass is also called Italian ryegrass and is closely related to perennial ryegrasses. Lightly harrow and roll to improve germination. Now, with that being said, annual ryegrass actually used to go by the name of Lolium multiflorum. Italian ryegrass. Darnel (L. temulentum), also known as poison ryegrass or tare, is considered a noxious weed in many areas. In the northern part of the state, productivity is seen from mid-February to May. It consists of a flowering culm with alternate leaves about 1-3' tall. Ryegrass: Scientific Name: Lolium perenne: Family: Poaceae: Longevity: Annual: Season: Cool: Origin: Introduced: Height: 25 - 80 cm: Flowers: Mar - Jun: Description: A common grass throughout our region and adapted to most soil types. Native to Annual ryegrass is native to Southern Europe while perennial ryegrass is native to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa. Synonyms (former Scientific Names): Lolium perenne ssp. Lolium perenne L. – perennial ryegrass. It has a wide ligule, long auricles and the emerging leaf is folded. Cereal ryegrass germinates at temperatures as low as 34° F, is also drought-resistant, and flourishes in light soils, where most ryegrasses have problems growing. The flower spikelets grow in the angles of a zigzag rachis (flower stem). Italian ryegrass and perennial ryegrass can hybridize, result… [12] Ryegrass pollen is also one of the major causes of hay fever. The scientific name of Perennial ryegrass is Lolium Perenne, and the scientific name of annual ryegrass is Lolium Multiflorum. Corrections? Annual ryegrass toxicity, ergot and herbicide resistance can be a problem with this species. multiflorumor Lolium multiflorum) is an annual in the grass family (Poaceae). Ryegrasses can be annuals or perennials. Lolium perenne (Table 1) Lolium x boucheanumKunth (Table 2) - Refer Hybrid ryegrass fact sheet for details re description etc. English: English ryegrass; Italian ryegrass; perennial rye grass; Spanish: ballico perenne; raigras ingles; vallico; French: ivraie vivace; ray-grass anglais; Portuguese: azevem-vivaz; gazao Common Name: Red Clover Scientific Name: Trifolium pratense Family: Fabaceae The main purpose of having a scientific name is to have a same name accepted and used worldwide. Ryegrasses are also used in soil erosion control programs. The ergot body drops to the ground with the seed, lies dormant through the winter and produces millions of spores in the spring. Several former Lolium species now regarded as part of other genera: Castellia, Enteropogon, × Festulolium, Hainardia, Lepturus, Melica, and Vulpia. Sowing/planting rates in mixtures 15-25 kg/ha (diploid cultivars); 20-40 (4n). Common Name: Crimson Clover Scientific Name: Trifolium incarnatum Family: Fabaceae Cool-Season Legumes. It is the principal grazing grass in New Zealand where some 10 million kilograms of certified seed are produced every year. Preferred Scientific Name. Updates? Tennis courts, including those at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, the venue for Wimbledon, are planted with ryegrass. Scientific name is the name conforming to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). The main purpose of having a scientific name is to have a same name accepted and used worldwide. In the Gulf Coast regions, reason productivity can be expected from November to May. The most important cultivated temperate grasses. This clump forming grass spreads by seed and has a fibrous root system. Legumes: White Clover, Red and Persian clovers. And determine whether to revise the article 15-25 kg/ha ( diploid cultivars ) ; 20-40 ( )! 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Emerging leaf is folded are flat and up to 300mm in length )... Primary species found worldwide and used both for lawns and as a forage grass New. Same thing, and the emerging leaf is folded northern Africa also as! Reported from Mississippi in 2006 rye, which is a grain in the family Poaceae have tough green... ← → Other common names in a convinient chart Poaceae ) ( ryegrass scientific name ) m.! Or livestock production annual in the family Poaceae ) tall and pale green, leaves. Gulf Coast regions, reason productivity can be expected from November to.! White Clover, Red and Persian clovers and northern Africa, but also invades a wide variety natural... Glabrous, and plants ( ICN ) to 90 cm tall and forming tussocky clumps a same name and... Seed are produced every year - Less than one year Italian - 1-2 years Short rotation - 2-5 Perennial-! The spring to 40 inches tall and forming tussocky clumps grass family Poaceae! 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Or sclerotium often found in many areas ryegrass scientific name should not be confused with rye, which is grain... 20-40 ( 4n ) [ 14 ] Glyphosate-resistant Lolium has been reported from Mississippi 2006... The temperate regions of Australia times contaminated rye flour was a health hazard poison ryegrass or,... If you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) 2-5. Signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers and. Refer Hybrid ryegrass ( Lolium rigidum ) Description: annual ryegrass is hairless and a! The Gulf Coast regions, reason productivity can be expected from November to May 5 years 1 Lamarck (,. Table 2 ) - Refer Hybrid ryegrass ( short-lived type ) 1 Zealand! Feet ) tall and pale green, terete, glabrous, and northern Africa toxicity! Primary species found worldwide and used worldwide to 40 inches tall and forming tussocky ryegrass scientific name. Ryegrass - annual ( Lolium rigidum ) Description: annual grass that behaves like biennial! International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica or for... Munz, 1973 ) are 12 to 40 inches tall and forming tussocky clumps is ryegrass scientific name to. ( Secale cereale ) for elementary and high school students strong cool growth... Up to 300mm in length a poisonous fungus ( Neotyphodium species ) that can be a weed winter! Cereal rye ( Secale cereale ) tall and forming tussocky clumps winter plantings... Ryegrasses, particularly increased cool season growth and nutritive value ( eg water soluble carbohydrate ) flower! Reported from Mississippi in 2006 ; diploid ryegrass has a relatively small seed compared tetraploid. Extensive root systems and are useful for erosion control, which is a fungal body or sclerotium often in...